Cycling: Art, Energy and Locomotion

Published	1889
Chapters	25

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Contents

• Introductory

  Frames cycling as the ideal solution for individual human locomotion, tracing the evolution of transport.
• The Cycle Art

  Argues that cycling constitutes a distinct art form, dispersed across a uniquely varied class of patrons.
• Can We Improve Upon the Creator's Methods?

  Examines human anatomy and the physiology of leg movement as the model for efficient cycling mechanics.
• The Direct Application of Power

  Analyses how human muscular power is transmitted to the pedals and through the drivetrain.
• The Connecting Link Between the Legs of Nature and the Wheel of Mechanics

  Investigates the mechanical relationship between the human stride and rotary pedalling motion.
• Graphic Illustration of the Application of Power to Cycles: Kinematics

  Uses diagrams and kinematics to show how power varies through the crank cycle.
• Balancing, and Some Questions of Potential Energy: Hill-Climbing

  Explores the physics of bicycle balance and the energy demands of ascending hills.
• Comparison of the Curves of Translation, in Machines of which the Diameters, or Combination of Wheels Differ, of a Point taken in the same Relative Position on the Several Saddles—Consequent Concussion and Effect upon Momentum

  Compares how different wheel sizes and saddle positions affect the path traced by the rider.
• Springs in Relation to the Curves of Translation, Momentum, and Concussion

  Examines how spring systems affect vibration, momentum loss, and rider comfort on rough roads.
• Anti-Vibrators and Spring Forks

  Reviews devices designed to absorb road shock, including spring forks and handlebar dampers.
• Saddles and Springs in Relation to Anatomy and Health

  Discusses saddle design, spring characteristics, and their effects on rider health and comfort.
• Headers or Croppers

  Analyses the causes of over-the-handlebar falls and methods to reduce their frequency and danger.
• Gearing Up and Down

  Explains gear ratios and how varying the gear affects speed, effort, and suitability for terrain.
• The Modern Rover, or Rear-Driving Safety

  Describes the technical advantages of the rear-drive safety bicycle over the high-wheel ordinary.
• The Side-Slip of the Safety

  Investigates the causes of sideways skidding on safety bicycles and how design can mitigate it.
• The Ladies' Bicycle

  Reviews frame designs and adaptations suited to women riders.
• Tandems and the Rational

  Examines tandem bicycle designs and the mechanical challenges of coordinating two riders.
• Workmanship in Cycles: English and American Makers

  Compares the manufacturing quality and design approaches of British and American cycle makers.
• Cranks and Levers and Tangent Spokes

  Reviews crank arm designs, lever systems, and tangent-spoked wheel construction.
• Antifriction Bearings, Ball and Roller

  Describes ball and roller bearing technology and its importance in reducing friction in cycles.
• Aluminum in Cycle Construction: Strength of Tubes

  Considers the use of aluminium alloys in frame and tube construction and their structural properties.
• The Cycle in War: Steam and Electricity

  Speculates on military uses of bicycles and the prospect of steam- or electrically-powered cycles.
• Cycle Patents and Inventors

  Surveys key cycle patents and credits the inventors who shaped the development of the bicycle.
• Hobbies

  A light-hearted closing chapter on the cycling enthusiast's broader pastimes and collecting habits.
• Part II: Remarks on Cycle Patents

  Detailed patent abstracts and commentary covering over fifty American, English, French, and German cycle patents.