Cycling: Art, Energy and Locomotion

By R. P. Scott188925 chapters144 images

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Contents

• Introductory (opens in a new tab)

  Frames cycling as the ideal solution for individual human locomotion, tracing the evolution of transport.
• The Cycle Art (opens in a new tab)

  Argues that cycling constitutes a distinct art form, dispersed across a uniquely varied class of patrons.
• Can We Improve Upon the Creator's Methods? (opens in a new tab)

  Examines human anatomy and the physiology of leg movement as the model for efficient cycling mechanics.
• The Direct Application of Power (opens in a new tab)

  Analyses how human muscular power is transmitted to the pedals and through the drivetrain.
• The Connecting Link Between the Legs of Nature and the Wheel of Mechanics (opens in a new tab)

  Investigates the mechanical relationship between the human stride and rotary pedalling motion.
• Graphic Illustration of the Application of Power to Cycles: Kinematics (opens in a new tab)

  Uses diagrams and kinematics to show how power varies through the crank cycle.
• Balancing, and Some Questions of Potential Energy: Hill-Climbing (opens in a new tab)

  Explores the physics of bicycle balance and the energy demands of ascending hills.
• Comparison of the Curves of Translation, in Machines of which the Diameters, or Combination of Wheels Differ, of a Point taken in the same Relative Position on the Several Saddles, Consequent Concussion and Effect upon Momentum (opens in a new tab)

  Compares how different wheel sizes and saddle positions affect the path traced by the rider.
• Springs in Relation to the Curves of Translation, Momentum, and Concussion (opens in a new tab)

  Examines how spring systems affect vibration, momentum loss, and rider comfort on rough roads.
• Anti-Vibrators and Spring Forks (opens in a new tab)

  Reviews devices designed to absorb road shock, including spring forks and handlebar dampers.
• Saddles and Springs in Relation to Anatomy and Health (opens in a new tab)

  Discusses saddle design, spring characteristics, and their effects on rider health and comfort.
• Headers or Croppers (opens in a new tab)

  Analyses the causes of over-the-handlebar falls and methods to reduce their frequency and danger.
• Gearing Up and Down (opens in a new tab)

  Explains gear ratios and how varying the gear affects speed, effort, and suitability for terrain.
• The Modern Rover, or Rear-Driving Safety (opens in a new tab)

  Describes the technical advantages of the rear-drive safety bicycle over the high-wheel ordinary.
• The Side-Slip of the Safety (opens in a new tab)

  Investigates the causes of sideways skidding on safety bicycles and how design can mitigate it.
• The Ladies' Bicycle (opens in a new tab)

  Reviews frame designs and adaptations suited to women riders.
• Tandems and the Rational (opens in a new tab)

  Examines tandem bicycle designs and the mechanical challenges of coordinating two riders.
• Workmanship in Cycles: English and American Makers (opens in a new tab)

  Compares the manufacturing quality and design approaches of British and American cycle makers.
• Cranks and Levers and Tangent Spokes (opens in a new tab)

  Reviews crank arm designs, lever systems, and tangent-spoked wheel construction.
• Antifriction Bearings, Ball and Roller (opens in a new tab)

  Describes ball and roller bearing technology and its importance in reducing friction in cycles.
• Aluminum in Cycle Construction: Strength of Tubes (opens in a new tab)

  Considers the use of aluminium alloys in frame and tube construction and their structural properties.
• The Cycle in War: Steam and Electricity (opens in a new tab)

  Speculates on military uses of bicycles and the prospect of steam- or electrically-powered cycles.
• Cycle Patents and Inventors (opens in a new tab)

  Surveys key cycle patents and credits the inventors who shaped the development of the bicycle.
• Hobbies (opens in a new tab)

  A light-hearted closing chapter on the cycling enthusiast's broader pastimes and collecting habits.
• Part II: Remarks on Cycle Patents (opens in a new tab)

  Detailed patent abstracts and commentary covering over fifty American, English, French, and German cycle patents.